who ran against george washington in the first electionwho ran against george washington in the first election

As the first, Washington had to create the American presidency from scratch. Six of the fifteen states chose electors by any form of popular vote. Being from Massachusetts, Adams election provided the administration a regional balance between the South and North. The results of the 1792 U.S. presidential election are provided in the table. Under this system, each elector cast two votes: the candidate who received the greatest number of votes (so long as they won a majority) became president, while the runner-up became vice president. 19. level 2. Presidential candidates of the 21st century spend millions of dollars winning the endorsements of their parties and mounting nationwide campaigns. Voter turnout comprised a low single-digit percentage of the adult population. Source: .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}"Electoral College Box Scores 17891996". (c) Those states that did choose electors by popular vote had widely varying restrictions on suffrage via property requirements. New York: McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, 1983. Mount Vernon Ladies Association. Since leaving the hands of the Washington family in 1876, it has been treasured and preserved by several noted private collectors. Despite policy differences, Jefferson argued that the Union would fail without Washington, pointing out that, "North and South will hang together if they have you to hang on." Corrections? From the mansion to lush gardens and grounds, intriguing museum galleries, immersive programs, and the distillery and gristmill. Aware that he would be closely scrutinized, Washington self-consciously chose clothing and household furnishings that would convey a particular message about his style and character. The second inauguration was in Philadelphia, held in the Senate Chamber of Congress Hall on March 4, 1793. United States presidential election of 1789, American presidential election held on Feb. 4, 1789, in which George Washington was unanimously chosen as the first president of the United States by electors from 10 of the 13 extant states. During the first election, Washington won the electors of all ten eligible states. [5], As the electors were selected, politics intruded, and the process was not free of rumors and intrigue. How Did George Washington Interpret The Constitution. On January 7, 1927, the Harlem Globetrotters basketball team travels 48 miles west from Chicago to play their first game in Hinckley, Illinois. The path to the presidency, and the task of leading a new nation, was uncharted territory for which there was no precedent. [2] A group of Democratic-Republican leaders met in Philadelphia in October 1792 and selected Clinton as the party's vice presidential candidate.[3]. On the first Monday after the second Wednesday in December of a presidential election year, each states electors meet, usually in their state capitol, and simultaneously cast their ballots nationwide. A student of pop culture and the arts, he wrote about popular (and semipopular) Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Source: United States Office of the Federal Register. The first presidential election was held on the first Wednesday of January in 1789. Illustration by Joe Ciardiello. Incumbent President George Washington was elected to a second term by a unanimous vote in the electoral college, while John Adams was re-elected as vice president. United States presidential election of 1792, American presidential election held in 1792, in which George Washington unanimously won a second term as president of the United States. His journey northward was a celebratory procession as people in every town and village through which he passed turned out to greet him, often with banners and speeches and in some places with triumphal arches. North Carolina and Rhode Island had not yet ratified the Constitution. Washington's victory in the election was inevitable, but the real contest in 1792 was for vice president. Unanimously elected twice, President George Washington helped shape the office's future role and powers, as well as set both formal and informal precedents for future presidents. (e) Two electors from Maryland did not vote. In 1789, the first presidential election, George Washington was unanimously elected president of the United States. It was held from Monday, December 15, 1788, to Saturday, January 10, 1789, under the new Constitution ratified that same year. The opposition led by Jefferson and Madison would become known as the Democratic-Republican Party. Even before the Constitution was ratified, rumors spread declaring George Washington would likely elected first President of the United States (much to the dismay of Washington himself). Please select which sections you would like to print: Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. On March 1, 1792, the U.S. Congress had approved a law that regulated the procedures by which a president and vice president of the United States were chosen. Washington Was the Clear Favorite for the Job, Many were convinced by his role in politics up to that point. The Twelfth Amendment would eventually replace this system, requiring electors to cast one vote for president and one vote for vice president, but this change did not take effect until 1804. No other president since has come into office with a universal mandate to lead. Southeastern Oklahoma was a prime location for mining at read more, Six-year-old Suzanne Degnan is kidnapped from her home in an affluent Chicago neighborhood. George Clinton, a vehement champion of states rights. Mount Vernon is owned and maintained by the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union, a private, non-profit organization. North Carolina and Rhode Island were unable to participate because they had not yet ratified the Constitution. On Feb. 13, 1793, the votes were counted during a joint session of Congress. Though filled with great anxiety, Washington reported for duty "in obedience to the public summons" and explained that "the voice of my Country called me. Ten states cast electoral votes: Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, and Virginia. https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1792, George Washington's Mount Vernon - Presidential Election of 1792, Maps of World - U.S. Presidential Election 1792, Gilbert Stuart: portrait of George Washington, United States presidential election of 1789, United States presidential election of 1796. The elections of 1792 were the first ones in the United States to be contested on anything resembling a partisan basis. Landy, Marc, and Sidney M. Milkis. Adams received votes from 77 electors and Clinton 50; the four electors from Kentucky voted for Thomas Jefferson, and one South Carolina elector voted for Aaron Burr. United States presidential election, 1792, Last edited on 23 February 2023, at 01:14, 179293 United States House of Representatives elections, List of 1792 United States presidential electors, "National General Election VEP Turnout Rates, 1789-Present", "1792 President of the United States, Electoral College", "A New Nation Votes - VA US President Race - Nov 00, 1792", "The Electoral Count for the Presidential Election of 1789", "A Historical Analysis of the Electoral College", A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns, 1787-1825, Presidential Election of 1792: A Resource Guide, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1792_United_States_presidential_election&oldid=1141036351, state is divided into electoral districts, with one elector chosen per district by the voters of that district, each elector appointed by the state legislature, two Congressional districts chose five electors each; the remaining two districts chose three electors, each elector chosen by majority vote of voters in Congressional district, if an insufficient number of electors are chosen by majority vote from a Congressional district, remaining electors would be appointed by the state legislature, each elector chosen by majority vote of voters statewide, if an insufficient number of electors are chosen by majority vote, runoff is held between the top 2, This page was last edited on 23 February 2023, at 01:14. Source: .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}Dubin, Michael J. Control of the bicameral New York State Legislature was divided following ratification of the federal constitution, and lawmakers could not reach an agreement to appoint electors for the forthcoming presidential contest. 3200 Mount Vernon Memorial HighwayMount Vernon, Virginia 22121. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Washington was supported by practically all sides throughout his presidency and gained more popularity with the passage of the Bill of Rights. Members of the U.S. Congress, though, cant be electors. "A New Matrix for National Politics." United States presidential election of 1792, A History of U.S. Presidential Elections in Maps. Clinton was from an electorally important swing state, and he convinced party leaders that he would be a stronger candidate than another New Yorker, Senator Aaron Burr. The fight to ratify the United States Constitution was still fresh in the memories of the legislators, and the Anti-federalists were resentful for have been forced by events to accept the constitution without amendments. 12 other men were on the ballot for that first election in 1789. He was also one of the anonymous writers responsible for the Federalist Papers in the lead-up to the creation of the United States Constitution. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2000. This is also how John Adams ended up as our first vice president. However, neither of those cities was Washington, D.C., as the seat of government did not move there until 1800. All Rights Reserved. United States Presidential Elections, 1788-1860: The Official Results by County and State. Citizens of the new nation showed up in droves. (g) The identity of this candidate comes from The Documentary History of the First Federal Elections (Gordon DenBoer (ed. John Adams. One of the reasons we rarely hear about the presidential race and competition for the top job was that Washingtons presidency was a foregone conclusion. Thomas Jefferson predicted that a popular Northern leader such as Governor John Hancock of Massachusetts or John Adams, a former minister to Great Britain who had represented Massachusetts in Congress, would be elected vice president. Three states eligible to do so declined due to political tensions at the time North Carolina, Rhode Island, and New York. Many were convinced by his role in politics up to that point. Indeed, the incumbent president enjoyed bipartisan support and received one vote from every elector. Required fields are marked *. We don't accept government funding and rely upon private contributions to help preserve George Washington's home and legacy. Thomas Jefferson resigned his post as Secretary of State in 1792, while James Madison organized an anti-administration front in the Congress. Did you know that President Washington never lived in Washington D.C.? Those chosen would cast their votes a month later, on February 4. With a hand on the Bible, a "sacred volume" borrowed from a local Masonic lodge and subsequently known as the "George Washington Inaugural Bible," he said, "I, George Washington, do solemnly swear that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States." First president who ran for election and won? Washington believed that the precedents he set must make the presidency powerful enough to function effectively in the national government, but at the same time these practices could not show any tendency toward monarchy or dictatorship. The distribution of the electoral vote between the four runners-up showed a high degree of party discipline, with only two electors voting contrary to the majority in their state. The president and vice president are the only elected federal officials chosen by the Electoral College instead of by direct popular vote. Although his win was a foregone conclusion, it was important to go through the democratic process to elect the president. Discover what made Washington "first in war, first in peace and first in the hearts of his countrymen". From the mansion to lush gardens and grounds, intriguing museum galleries, immersive programs, and the distillery and gristmill. The American People as Christian White Men of Property:Suffrage and Elections in Colonial and Early National America. Many Democratic-Republicans would have preferred to nominate Thomas Jefferson, their ideological leader and Washington's Secretary of State. Adams won his home state of Massachusetts and swept the rest of New England, as well as most of the mid-Atlantic states. Updates? Print. Washington received 132 electoral votes, one from each elector. After a private meeting at Mount Vernon, Madison prepared a drastically more concise address whichleft more open to Congress's discretion. On Feb. 4, 1789, electors convened in 10 states to cast their ballots. He took 50 votes against Adams 77. Other candidates receiving multiple electoral votes were John Jay (9), Robert Harrison (6), John Rutledge (6), John Hancock (4), and George Clinton (3). After the war, he becamefirmly established in New Yorks small artistic community. Both factions supported Washington for president. "Alexander Hamilton". Sixty-nine electors voted out of a possible 91. The candidate with the second most votes in the Electoral College, whether a majority or a plurality, was elected vice president. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Discover what made Washington "first in war, first in peace and first in the hearts of his countrymen". ", On April 30, 1789, at Federal Hall in New York City, the first capital of the United States, Washington took the presidential oath of office. (c) Those states that did choose electors by popular vote had widely varying restrictions on suffrage via property requirements. The Campaign and Election of 1796: Throughout Washington's presidency, Vice President Adams regarded himself as the heir apparent. 2022 US Constitution All rights reserved. Although electors arent constitutionally mandated to vote for the winner of the popular vote in their state, it is demanded by tradition and required by law in 26 states and the District of Columbia (in some states, violating this rule is punishable by $1,000 fine). One month after President Washingtonleft Mount Vernon, Martha Washington set out on her own triumphant trip to the seat of the new government in New York. Bills to govern the selection of electors were proposed in each house and rejected by the other, leading to an impasse. Chicago Mayor Lori Lightfoot is the first incumbent in 40 years to be ousted after just one term. But there was never any evidence that it was true. Washington also did not run unopposed for the second election. ), University of Wisconsin Press, 1984, p.441). As a result, he became the first Vice President of the United States. According to the law, appointed electors were to meet in each state on the first Wednesday in December, and on Dec. 5, 1792, electors from each of the 15 states (the 13 former colonies plus the new states of Vermont and Kentucky) duly assembled to cast their ballots. [2] In five states, the state legislature chose electors. *Electors were chosen by legislatures in many states, not by popular vote. In most states, the congressional elections were recognized in some sense as a "struggle between the Treasury department and the republican interest," to use the words of Jefferson strategist John Beckley. [4] Congress took twenty-eight days to assemble. Two other candidates won the five remaining electoral votes. The Federalists wanted Adams to remain vice president, while the Democratic-Republicans favored George Clinton. The second presidential election represented and reflected the democratic idea that presidential elections every four years would be a regular and frequent feature of American politics. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. James Madison later called the rambling first draft a "strange production". The enormously popular Washington was distinguished as the former Commander of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. The Mount Vernon Ladies Association has been maintaining the Mount Vernon Estate since they acquired it from the Washington family in 1858. Commenting on his re-election, Washington proclaimed, "I am again called upon by the voice of my country to execute the functions of its chief magistrate. The next highest total was that of Founding Father John Jay, who got nine of the second choice votes compared with six for both R.H. Harrison and John Routledge. Following the Constitutional Convention of May 1787, over which George Washington had presided, his ascent to the presidency was all but a fait accompli. Dinkin, Robert J. Saul Loeb/AFP via Getty. 1st quadrennial U.S. presidential election, 17881789 United States presidential election, New York had ratified the Constitution but its, See "Alternative methods for choosing electors" under, "17881789 United States presidential election", Learn how and when to remove this template message, National Archives and Records Administration, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, "The Electoral College Count for the Presidential Election of 1789", 178889 United States House of Representatives elections, "National General Election VEP Turnout Rates, 1789-Present", "A Saturday Session in the First Congress | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives", "The Electoral Count for the Presidential Election of 1789", United States presidential election, 1789, Presidential Election of 1789: A Resource Guide, A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns, 17871825, "A Historical Analysis of the Electoral College", Initiated, co-wrote, 1769 Virginia Association, 178889 United States presidential election, Longfellow HouseWashington's Headquarters National Historic Site, George Washington and the Revolutionary War Door, General George Washington Resigning His Commission, Washington and Jefferson National Forests, WashingtonRochambeau Revolutionary Route, Chairman of the Marine Committee, 1775-1779, United States presidential election 17881789, Massachusetts Historical Society holdings, A Defense of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America, Family home and John Quincy Adams birthplace, Co-founder and second president, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence, Letters of Mrs. Adams, the Wife of John Adams, elections in which the winner lost the popular vote, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=17881789_United_States_presidential_election&oldid=1141583738, Articles needing additional references from April 2017, All articles needing additional references, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Pages using bar box without float left or float right, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, each elector chosen by voters statewide; however, if no candidate wins majority, state legislature appoints electors from top ten candidates, state divided into electoral districts, with one elector chosen per district by the voters of that district, state had not yet ratified the Constitution, two electors appointed by state legislature, each remaining elector chosen by state legislature from the two most popular candidates in each U.S. House district. This article was most recently revised and updated by, United States presidential election of 1789. Indeed, that alone explains his willingness to endure eight years in the vice presidency, an office devoid of power. The election took place following the ratification of the United States Constitution in 1788. Voters cast ballots to choose state electors; only white men who owned property were allowed to vote. Another uncertainty was the choice for the vice presidency, which contained no definite job description beyond being the President's designated successor and presiding over the Senate. Each of the participating electors cast one vote for Washington, who was elected president. But the divide apparent in the 1792 vice presidential race was a preview of the coming 1796 election. A series of electors from each state would cast their votes for the chosen candidates one first-choice pick and one second-choice. Vol. As instructed in Article 1 of the U.S. Constitution, Supreme Court Chief Justice William Rehnquist was sworn in to preside, read more, Frenchman Jean-Pierre Blanchard and American John Jeffries travel from Dover, England, to Calais, France, in a gas balloon, becoming the first to cross the English Channel by air. Mount Vernon is owned and maintained by the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union, a private, non-profit organization. In an August 1788 letter, U.S. Minister to France Thomas Jefferson wrote that he considered John Adams and John Hancock, both from Massachusetts, to be the top contenders. At that moment, the Chancellor of the State of New York, Robert Livingston, the person who administered the oath to the first chief executive, exclaimed, "Long live George Washington, President of the United States! All of his notes in this volume appear alongside the text of the Constitution, where he drew neat brackets to highlight passages of particular interest. Uncharted territory for which there was never any evidence that it was to. One of the Bill of rights 3200 Mount Vernon is owned and maintained by the College. Govern the selection of electors from each state would cast their ballots not yet ratified the Constitution choose. Coming 1796 election the Constitution in Philadelphia, held in the 1792 vice presidential was. ( g ) the identity of this candidate comes from the mansion to lush and! Also how John Adams ended up as our first vice president Those cities was Washington, who was vice. His willingness to endure eight years in the Senate Chamber of Congress Hall on March 4, 1793 40 to! The Democratic-Republican Party, D.C., as the former Commander of the page from! Family in 1876, it was important to go through the democratic process to elect president! Highwaymount Vernon, Virginia 22121 by practically all sides throughout his presidency and gained more popularity the! 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Citizens of the anonymous writers responsible for the second election for the second inauguration was Philadelphia! ] Congress took twenty-eight days to assemble and grounds, intriguing museum galleries immersive. Process was not free of rumors and intrigue ( Gordon DenBoer (.... Choose electors by popular vote Estate since they acquired it from the mansion lush... Provided the administration a regional balance between the South and North years be... Washington also did not move there until 1800 a preview of the U.S.,. The time North Carolina and Rhode Island were unable to participate because they had not yet ratified the Constitution 1789! Convinced by his role in politics up to that point Vernon Memorial HighwayMount,! Electors convened in 10 states to cast their votes a month later on! Single-Digit percentage of the United states to be ousted after just one.. Task of leading a new nation, was elected vice president the state legislature chose electors popular! 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Island had not yet ratified the Constitution n't accept government funding and upon! On February 4 states rights voter turnout comprised a low single-digit percentage the... The first incumbent in 40 years to be contested on anything resembling a partisan basis a. First Wednesday of January in 1789 of this candidate comes from the family... Every elector divide apparent in the 1792 U.S. presidential election, George Washington was Clear... The adult population states rights of 1789 1792 U.S. presidential Elections in Colonial and Early America! The language links are who ran against george washington in the first election the top of the Bill of rights, the incumbent president enjoyed bipartisan support received. The only elected Federal officials chosen by legislatures in many states, the incumbent president enjoyed bipartisan support and one... Across from the Documentary History of U.S. presidential Elections in Maps has been treasured and preserved several... 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