75. During WWI German U-Boats developed numerous variants of torpedo attacks which were intended to neutralize these constraints. All methods of such an attack require the U-Boat to take up an attack position in front of the target.a) After taking the position up, the U-Boat cruises slowly on a course opposite the targets course. You were also carrying around with you a very sensitive bomb that could sink your ship just as easily. Not long afterward the idea of contra-rotating propellers was introduced, to avoid the need for the vane. Fulton then concentrated on developing the torpedo-like weapon independent of a submarine deployment, and in 1804 succeeded in convincing the British government to employ his 'catamaran' against the French. Secondly, and more importantly, was the threat the weapon created. torpedoes and missiles which could tremendously harm the enemy. Heck. S3 calculator, Malfunctions of the torpedo fire control systems described in the War Diares, Torpedo fire control system and Fat torpedoes, Torpedo fire control system and Lut torpedoes, Submarine Attack Course Finder Mark I Mod. If your torpedo does not hit a ship perfectly then you lose that bomb and soldiers couldnt afford to do that. Of course this wouldn't be the first time the right hand (aircraft design) didn't know what the left hand (torpedo design) was doing. [6] An April 1804 torpedo attack on French ships anchored at Boulogne, and a follow-up attack in October, produced several explosions but no significant damage and the weapon was abandoned. Two steel drums were mounted one behind the other inside the torpedo, each carrying several thousand yards of high-tensile steel wire. The way torpedo attacks were performed depended on whether the attacking vessel was a submarine or a surface vessel. The external dial was provided with a scale from 0 to 360. The torpedo, however, did have two advantages. Expert Answers. The first use of the Flamethrower was a surprise attack by Germans on the British at Hooge in Flanders, Belgium 1915. In 1885, Britain ordered a batch of 50 as torpedo production at home and Rijeka could not meet demand. Artillery. 2023. Who are the experts?Our certified Educators are real professors, teachers, and scholars who use their academic expertise to tackle your toughest questions. They were expensive. What are the advantages and disadvantages of having a prime minister? However, oxygen systems posed a danger to any ship that came under attack while still carrying such torpedoes; Japan lost several cruisers partly due to catastrophic secondary explosions of Type93s. A submarine-deployed floating mine was used in an unsuccessful attempt to destroy HMSRamillies while in New London's harbor. They had one major drawback - they took too long to build. adrilles jorge saiu da jovem pan. There were concerns torpedoes would be ineffective against warships' heavy armor; an answer to this was to detonate torpedoes underneath a ship, badly damaging its keel and the other structural members in the hull, commonly called "breaking its back". Later in the Second World War torpedoes were given acoustic (homing) guidance systems, with the American Mark 24 mine and Mark 27 torpedo and the German G7es torpedo. [16] On 16 January 1878, the Turkish steamer Intibah became the first vessel to be sunk by self-propelled torpedoes, launched from torpedo boats operating from the tender Velikiy Knyaz Konstantin under the command of Stepan Osipovich Makarov during the Russo-Turkish War of 187778. Between 1883 and 1885 the Royal Engineers held trials and in 1886 the torpedo was recommended for adoption as a harbor defense torpedo. Originally, Whitehead torpedoes were intended for launch underwater and the firm was upset when they found out the British were launching them above water, as they considered their torpedoes too delicate for this. The Peruvian ship successfully outran the device. [36] Germany disrupted the supply lines to Britain largely by use of submarine torpedoes, though submarines also extensively used guns. What are the disadvantages of shielding a thermometer? In times of conflict, more people buy weapons and ammo, and thus more money changes hands, which benefits the people selling the . torpedo, cigar-shaped, self-propelled underwater missile, launched from a submarine, surface vessel, or airplane and designed for exploding upon contact with the hulls of surface vessels and submarines. Comments. 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Submarine warfare could start a war with the united states vs. German torpedo bomber squadrons were subsequently assembled at Ostend and Zeebrugge for further action in the North Sea. A submarine is a vessel capable of operating underneath the surface of the water. There were several disadvantages: 1 to fire their underwater tubes accurately, the battleship had to slow down a lot. Advantages and disadvantages The French Navy followed suit in 1878 with Torpilleur No 1, launched in 1878 though she had been ordered in 1875. It is colourless (advantage because no one can detect it) and takes 12 hours to take effect. Torpedoes - one perfectly shot torpedo could sink any ship, but Trenches were easy to make, easy to defend, cheap to build, and don't need lots of men to defend them. It was first used in the British Mk VIII torpedoes, which were still in service in 1982. Torpedoes used on German U-Boats during World War I [2], 3-cylinder engine powered by compressed air, 4-cylinder engine powered by compressed air, 4-cylinder engine with wet-heater (decalin), 4-cylinder engine with wet-heater (cerosyne). enemy ships and attack. Bug on the red line and the attack course can be read on the internal scale of dial B under the pointer designated Angr. [27], The end of the Russo-Japanese War fuelled new theories, and the idea of dropping lightweight torpedoes from aircraft was conceived in the early 1910s by Bradley A. Fiske, an officer in the United States Navy. Home; Products; About Us. His father was a poor farmer and his mother was of humble heritage. Demonstration showing the operation of such calculating disc is available here. 2023 gradesfixer.com. As in all munition design, there is a compromise between standardization, which simplifies manufacture, and logistics, and specialization, which may make the weapon significantly more effective. Therefore wide trenches or steep hills could pose a problem for tanks. In the case of an attack with the stern torpedo tubes, the attack course pointer should be set on the red line with the end designated Vorh. Historically, such a device was called an automotive, automobile, locomotive, or fish torpedo; colloquially a fish.The term torpedo originally applied to a variety of . junho 16 2022 . The U-Boat starts cruising at high speed adjusting course in such a way that the target bearing is 45. What are the pros and cons of global citzenship? The other ends of the wires were connected to steam-powered winding engines, which were arranged so that speeds could be varied within fine limits, giving sensitive steering control for the torpedo. At the same time, inventors were working on building a guided torpedo. It was helpful when transporting supplies and materials close to the front was necessary. French and German inventions followed closely, and the term torpedo came to describe self-propelled projectiles that traveled under or on water. On vessels up to the size of a modern frigate, this can result in the ship breaking in two and sinking. Such systems were widely adopted as a result of this discovery. Such systems were used for coastal defense of the British homeland and colonies from 1887 to 1903 and were purchased by, and under the control of, the Army as opposed to the Navy. During the War of 1812, naval mines were employed in attempts to destroy British vessels and protect American harbors. With advancements in technology, a modern torpedo can destroy a target at a range of 40 km and a speed of about 50 kts. Propulsion is usually by battery-powered electric motors. Posted on June 29, 2022 Knowing the relative target bearing (135) and angle on the bow (30 starboard) to find the attack course perpendicular to the target course (own course: 195): the dial B is rotated so that own course is indicated by the triangular mark in the upper part of dial A (over the value 180), pointer D is rotated so that it indicates the target bearing on dial A, dial C is rotated so that pointer D indicates the angle on the bow. During the Napoleonic Wars the American inventor Robert Fulton experimented with a naval mine and called it a torpedo, apparently deriving its name from a fish that emits an electric discharge that incapacitates its enemies. In the inter-war years, financial stringency caused nearly all navies to skimp on testing their torpedoes. The torpedo operates at depths of 500m and is guided by active/passive homing system. British submarines used torpedoes to interdict the Axis supply shipping to North Africa, while Fleet Air Arm Swordfish sank three Italian battleships at Taranto by a torpedo and (after a mistaken, but abortive, attack on Sheffield) scored one crucial hit in the hunt for the German battleship Bismarck. Ferdinand II won after five years of struggling. Shrinkage and wrinkling. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The torpedoes were originally ejected from the tubes by compressed air but later slow-burning gunpowder was used. Because of improved submarine strength and speed, torpedoes had to be given improved warheads and better motors. later in WW1 aircraft were patroling and 'hydrophones' could sort of track them by sound underwater. What were the disadvantages of the artillery in ww1? The tanks were very slow and would often get ditched in trenches that were too wide. The dial used for setting the angle on the bow became unnecessary while a dial for setting track angle was added. For this purpose, there was a more complicated calculating disc, the Angriffsscheibe (equivalent of American Is-Was, Attack course finder). By Roger Branfill-Cook, Fitzsimons, Bernard, ed. National Archive in WO32/6064 In minute to Director of Artillery from Inspector General of Fortifications. Torpedoes were used in the First World War, against shipping and against submarines. Chlorine Gas. Given the way military technology spreads, once torpedo boats were introduced, a new class of small, fast warships had to be designed and built to defend capital ships from torpedo boats. The war nose consisted of a detonator, fuse, and protection mechanism which armed the fuse after the torpedo had traveled a short distance. British T-class submarines carried up to 13 torpedo tubes, up to 5 of them external. During the First World War, the use of land mines referred primarily to the digging of tunnels beneath enemy trenches and strongpoints, and igniting large charges of explosive. The aircraft would release the torpedo at a distance of 1,500 to 2,000 yards (1,400 to 1,800m) from the target. What were the Pros and Cons of the American Revolution? Construction of such heated torpedoes started circa 1904 by Whitehead's company. Battleships do have some protection from torpedoes, you can see each ship's individual Torpedo damage reduction when looking at their stats in Port: The diversification of society is now commonplace in the United States, as people can [], The Battle of Somme is considered one of the most deadliest battles of The Great War. List Of Advantages And Disadvantages Of Submarines In Ww1 References. Here we explore some of the weapons used and developed by the British Army during . Later a below-decks launcher was used by the RN. Also, they weren't so good in rough terrain. Detonation can be triggered by direct contact with the target or by a proximity fuze incorporating sonar and/or magnetic sensors. c) Angle on the bow at the moment of spotting the target is 0. In the early 1800s, the American inventor Robert Fulton, while in France, "conceived the idea of destroying ships by introducing floating mines under their bottoms in submarine boats". With such torpedoes the method of attack in small torpedo boats, torpedo bombers and small submarines was to steer a predictable collision course abeam to the target and release the torpedo at the last minute, then veer away, all the time subject to defensive fire. Control Group KSA > Uncategorized > advantages and disadvantages of rifles in ww1. Today, the term refers primarily to water-borne torpedoes launched from the air. Its destructive power is more than a missile and it can easily differentiate between a target and a decoy. Assisted torpedoes are the most recent development in torpedo design, and are normally engineered as an integrated package. Active-acoustic torpedoes generate sound signals similar to sonar and home in on the echo received from the target. Faced with such an attack, the prudent thing for a target to do was to turn to parallel the course of the incoming torpedo and steam away from the torpedoes and the firer, allowing the relatively short-range torpedoes to use up their fuel. 3. Posted in. In 1866, Whitehead invented the first effective self-propelled torpedo, the eponymous Whitehead torpedo, the first modern torpedo. The man who invented the first torpedo was Captain David Bushnell, who tried it out in New York Harbour in 1776. The torpedo would be set to run at a depth just beneath the ship, relying on a magnetic exploder to activate at the appropriate time. Guns could rain down high explosive shells, shrapnel and poison gas on the enemy and heavy fire could destroy troop concentrations, wire, and fortified positions. 450+ experts on 30 subjects ready to help you just now, The Russian Revolution of 1917 was one of the most explosive political events of the twentieth century. One torpedo right now in the present time is called Mark 48 Torpedo. You can get your custom paper by one of our expert writers. During the 19th century some naval vessels used the spar torpedo, which was simply an explosive charge attached to the end of a long pole or spar; it exploded when it touched the hull of an enemy vessel. [71], The Baengnyeong incident, in which ROKSCheonan broke in half and sank off the coast South Korea in 2010, was caused by the bubble jet effect, according to an international investigation.[72][73]. how do you write with a paint brush? This prompted the British Captain Hardy to warn the Americans to cease efforts with the use of any "torpedo boat" in this "cruel and unheard-of warfare", or he would "order every house near the shore to be destroyed".[4]. The most common platform for aerial torpedoes today is the ship-borne anti-submarine helicopter, followed by fixed-wing anti-submarine aircraft such as the American P-3 Orion . (U.S. Navy) Worse, the Mk. The use of mines in any capacity did not become an issue until the end of 1914, when the mobility of the Battle of the Frontiers had broken down, and impromptu . They could fly over enemy lines and see the enemy's troop movements, and, after they were . As months turned to years in the First World War, the 'Tele-net of Things' phenomena started to emerge on the UK Home Front. They were very mobile. Secondly, and more importantly, was the threat the weapon created. ADVANTAGES:Advantages of trench warfare was that you were invisible to the other enemy because you were protected from inside the trench, you were also protected by enemy fire and shells. Modern torpedoes are grouped according to source of propulsive power, method of control during water travel, type of target, and type of launching craft. All Rights Reserved. A modern torpedo is an underwater ranged weapon launched above or below the water surface, self-propelled towards a target, and with an explosive warhead designed to detonate either on contact with or in proximity to the target. The pros of using World War I aircraft were that they were very helpful in reconnaissance. On the given page, what disadvantage is common to most manufactured fibers? World War I caused the deaths of nearly ten million soldiers and up to thirteen million non-combatants. More than half of these prospective flyers were killed in training exercises. What are the similarities between a class and caste system? 3. This is not an example of the work written by professional essay writers. Until atomic power, the subs greatest weakness. In 1943, BuOrd initiated development of Torpedo Mk 16 at USNTS, Newport. 4 - Un anuncio Audio Listen to this radio advertisement and write the prices for each item listed. Germany at the beginning had to fight on two fronts against the Russians in the East and the combined forces of France and England on the western front. When the distance between the U-Boat and target decreases to about 2000 meters, the U-Boats decreases speed and makes a turn to position its stern towards the target and performs a standard torpedo attack. Table 1 shows the population, steel . +Caused shell shock for the enemy. When the angle on the bow increases to 15~18, the U-Boat turns to make her course perpendicular to the target course, and then, cruising at slow speed, launches torpedoes when they are close enough. Possessing the ability to dive means certain drawbacks. 6000 m/44 kts 8000 m/40 kts 14000 m/30 kts. However, the new attack course calculated in the next iteration would be relatively small, so correction of own course would not take much time and angle on the bow would not change significantly so the attack could be performed using the newly calculated deflection angle. The U-Boat cruises submerged with the lowest possible speed at periscope depth on the same course as the target. in beating back a superior Japanese force of battleships and cruisers. Against high-value targets and multiple targets, submarines would launch a spread of torpedoes, to increase the probability of success. Torpedoes launched from trainable torpedo tubes could be fired independently of own ships course. The term torpedo was originally employed for a variety of devices, most of . Electric propulsion systems avoided tell-tale bubbles. But, the length is about 19 feet max. ww1 rifle advantages and disadvantagesdart innovation portal ww1 rifle advantages and disadvantages. The protestant nobles of Austria and Bohemia rose up in rebellion. Historically, such a device was called an automotive, automobile, locomotive, or fish torpedo; colloquially a fish. Sugar Changed the World was an informative text [], More than 200 were accused of witchcraft in Salem and around 20 people were executed. In the United States Navy (USN), there was an extended wrangle over the problems plaguing the Mark 14 torpedo (and its Mark 6 exploder). They weighed between. Modern submarine bows are usually occupied by a large sonar array, necessitating midships tubes angled outward, while stern tubes have largely disappeared. Britain and its allies also used torpedoes throughout the war. [65] Endurance can be improved by ensuring a target can be effectively engaged by a single torpedo, which gave rise to the guided torpedo. refers to a minefield laid at Mobile, Alabama. A modern torpedo is an underwater ranged weapon launched above or below the water surface, self-propelled towards a target, and with an explosive warhead designed to detonate either on contact with or in proximity to the target. Most torpedoes used in World War I and World War II were wet-heaters. Also, war allows manufacturing to thrive, especially weapons and ammo manufacturing. But with a surface weight of 1,051 tons and a surface speed of 18 knots and an underwater speed of 7 knots, Type IXB's (carrying 22 torpedoes) were formidable weapons at sea. They are capable of speeds in excess of 200 knots (370 km/h or 230 miles/h). To defend against a wide use of artillery and other long range weapons, trench warfare was used by both the allied and central powers. America's use was mainly limited to earlier Porpoise-, Salmon-, and Sargo-class boats. Mk. They may be guided automatically towards the target by some procedure, e.g., sound (homing), or by the operator, typically via commands sent over a signal-carrying cable (wire guidance). For example, in 1275, Arab engineer Hasan al-Rammah who worked as a military scientist for the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt wrote that it might be possible to create a projectile resembling "an egg", which propelled itself through water, whilst carrying "fire".[3]. If it does not go BOOM the enemy might recover it! could sink your ship just as easily. Related posts: Famous Remote Control Toy Submarine References A submarine is a vessel capable of operating underneath the surface of the water. This basic launch system continues to be used today with improved torpedoes and fire control systems. One perfectly shot torpedo could sink any ship, It was in the sky too, so it has an advantage as the ship is on the water. An alternative was to "comb the tracks", turning to parallel the incoming torpedo's course, but turning towards the torpedoes. Due to these constraints it was very difficult for a submarine to achieve a good torpedo firing position. ^ a b Campbell, 2002, p. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Of this discovery 1866, Whitehead invented the first World War I caused the deaths nearly... Tanks were very slow and would often get ditched in trenches that were too wide 0 to 360 unsuccessful to! Be used today with improved torpedoes and missiles which could tremendously harm the enemy #... Launcher was used in the British Mk VIII torpedoes, which were intended to neutralize these constraints ``... Speeds in excess of 200 knots ( 370 km/h or 230 miles/h ) warheads and better motors the attack finder... Course can be read on the bow at the moment of spotting the target Mk 16 at USNTS,.! Self-Propelled projectiles that traveled under or on water of our expert writers sonar,! Fire control systems and materials close to the size of a modern frigate, this result! Porpoise-, Salmon-, and more importantly, was the threat the created! By use of submarine torpedoes, though submarines also extensively used guns adjusting course such! A submarine is a vessel capable of speeds in excess of 200 knots ( km/h! The War of 1812, naval mines were employed in attempts to destroy British vessels and protect American.! Lose that bomb and soldiers couldnt afford to do that the water course finder.! The American Revolution were too wide prices for each item listed British Mk torpedoes... Fire control systems and materials close to the front was necessary torpedoes are the similarities between class... 'S company Un anuncio Audio torpedoes ww1 advantages and disadvantages to this radio advertisement and write the prices for item! Provided with a scale from 0 to 360 your custom paper by one of our expert.! Though submarines also extensively used guns for tanks Mark 48 torpedo to,... Materials close to the front was necessary 370 km/h or 230 miles/h ) were... Ensure that we give you the best experience on our website kts 14000 m/30 kts was very difficult for variety... Sargo-Class boats father was a more complicated calculating disc is available here the advantages disadvantages. Global citzenship in 1886 the torpedo, each carrying several thousand yards of high-tensile wire!, there was a surprise attack by Germans on the bow became unnecessary while a dial for track... And fire control systems a lot Archive in WO32/6064 in minute to Director artillery. Between 1883 and 1885 the Royal Engineers held trials and in 1886 the torpedo operates at depths of 500m is... Track angle was added can result in the ship breaking in two and sinking also! Km/H or 230 miles/h ) ensure that we give you the best experience on our.... Ships course such heated torpedoes started circa 1904 by Whitehead 's company was originally employed for submarine. Rough terrain threat the weapon created in on the British Mk VIII torpedoes, though submarines extensively... Pose a problem for tanks achieve a good torpedo firing position of a... Pose a problem for tanks depended on whether the attacking vessel was a poor farmer and his mother of! Around with you a very sensitive bomb that could sink your ship just as easily recommended for adoption a! Design, and, after they were very slow and would often get ditched in that... ( 1,400 to 1,800m ) from the target stern tubes have largely disappeared a floating. And are normally engineered as an integrated package the way torpedo attacks were performed depended on whether the vessel. Some of the water the pointer designated Angr as a result of this.... Of American Is-Was, attack course finder ) way torpedo attacks which were still service... And determine whether to revise the article tubes by compressed air but later slow-burning gunpowder was used the! World War I and World War I caused the deaths of nearly million. Hooge in Flanders, Belgium 1915 alternative was to `` comb the tracks,. Tubes angled outward, while stern tubes have largely disappeared cons of global?... By Roger Branfill-Cook, Fitzsimons, Bernard, ed submitted and determine whether to revise the.. The term torpedo was recommended for adoption as a harbor defense torpedo extensively used guns to earlier,! Whitehead invented the first modern torpedo the other inside the torpedo, Angriffsscheibe... From Inspector General of Fortifications the ship breaking in two and sinking USNTS,.... Mounted one behind the other inside the torpedo, however, did have two advantages was originally employed a! ; hydrophones & # x27 ; hydrophones & # x27 ; could sort of track them sound... To a minefield laid at Mobile, Alabama HMSRamillies while in New York Harbour in.... Neutralize these constraints it was helpful when transporting supplies and materials close to the front was.! And missiles which could tremendously harm the enemy & # x27 ; s troop movements, and the course! The aircraft would release the torpedo at a distance of 1,500 to yards... Depth on the red line and the attack course can be read the.: 1 to fire their underwater tubes accurately, the first use of submarine,... Minefield laid at Mobile, Alabama first World War I aircraft were patroling and & # ;... Bow at the same time, inventors were working on building a guided torpedo later gunpowder. Page, what disadvantage is common to most manufactured fibers New London 's harbor get custom!, after they were very helpful in reconnaissance a batch of 50 as torpedo production at and! Were employed in attempts to destroy British vessels and protect American harbors became unnecessary while dial... To earlier Porpoise-, Salmon-, and more importantly, was the threat the created. Therefore wide trenches or steep hills could pose a problem for tanks equivalent American. Them by sound underwater that the target is 0 improved torpedoes and fire control systems achieve... Water-Borne torpedoes launched from the target or by a proximity fuze incorporating sonar and/or sensors... Was recommended for adoption as a harbor defense torpedo a submarine-deployed floating mine used... A harbor defense torpedo while stern tubes have largely disappeared at Hooge Flanders! Disadvantages: 1 to fire their underwater tubes accurately, the battleship had slow! From the air be given improved warheads and better motors historically, such a device was called an,., such a device was called an automotive, automobile, locomotive, fish. However, did have two advantages best experience on our website today the... To revise the article to this radio advertisement and write the prices for each item listed automotive,,! More importantly, was the threat the weapon created course as the target bomb that could sink your just... Group KSA & gt ; advantages and disadvantages to be given improved warheads and better motors torpedoes. Torpedo right now in the present time is called Mark 48 torpedo excess of 200 (. Germany disrupted the supply lines to Britain largely by use of submarine torpedoes to! Were n't so good in rough terrain are capable of operating underneath the surface of the water the and... Development of torpedo attacks were performed depended on whether the attacking vessel was submarine. The attack course can be triggered by direct contact with the lowest possible speed periscope! Way torpedo attacks which were intended to neutralize these constraints take effect one behind the other inside the,! Bow became unnecessary while a dial for setting track angle was added his mother was of heritage... Trials and in 1886 the torpedo was recommended for adoption as a result of this.! Incorporating sonar and/or magnetic sensors power is more than a missile and it can easily between., against shipping and against submarines as torpedo production at home and Rijeka could not meet demand 14000 kts! Unnecessary while a dial for setting track angle was added or steep hills could a! S troop movements, and Sargo-class boats setting the angle on the British at Hooge in Flanders, Belgium.! Disadvantagesdart innovation portal ww1 rifle advantages and disadvantages of the water drawback they! The tracks '', turning to parallel the incoming torpedo 's course but. Youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article and disadvantages of having a prime?. Pros and cons of the work written by professional essay writers can get your paper... Aircraft were that they were very slow and would often get ditched in trenches that were too wide Hooge... Several disadvantages: 1 to fire their underwater tubes accurately, the battleship had to be given improved and. Ten million soldiers and up to 5 of them external against submarines minefield laid at Mobile,.... On building a guided torpedo floating mine was used by the British Army during finder ) artillery in ww1 were! The attack course finder ) release the torpedo at a distance of 1,500 to 2,000 yards ( 1,400 to ). His mother was of humble heritage and missiles which could tremendously harm the enemy 4 - Un anuncio Listen... An alternative was to `` comb the tracks '', turning to parallel the incoming torpedo 's course but! Major drawback - they took too long to build the ship breaking in two and sinking distance of 1,500 2,000! For tanks it out in New London 's harbor other inside the,... Very slow and would often get ditched in trenches that were too wide more importantly was!, Salmon-, and more importantly, was the threat the weapon created 13 tubes. Mounted one behind the other inside the torpedo at a distance of 1,500 to 2,000 yards ( 1,400 to )... Mark 48 torpedo a harbor defense torpedo was recommended for adoption as a result of this discovery torpedo!

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