how does admiral spruance explain the us victory at midway quizlethow does admiral spruance explain the us victory at midway quizlet

"Well, pick it up and put it back," was Spruance's measured response.[8]. Maintaining a position offshore, the Fifth Fleet's ships were subjected to relentless kamikaze attacks by Japanese aircraft. [7], Spruance served in Washington until early 1924, when he was ordered to the headquarters, Commander Naval Force in Europe. He was commissioned an ensign in 1908, and during a tour of shore duty he took a postgraduate course in electrical engineering in Schenectady, N.Y. He managed to gain an appointment from Indiana to the U.S. Historian Morison later described Spruances performance at Midway as superb. But their elation was short-lived, for too many Japanese fighters had descended to deal with the torpedo bombers, leaving a window of opportunity for any American dive bombers that arrived. He was responsible for leading the 5th Fleet into the pivotal Battle of the Philippines Sea, nicknamed the 'Great Marianas Turkey Shoot' because a total of 365 Japanese planes were brought down. Four years later, President Harry S. Truman appointed him as Ambassador to the Republic of the Philippines. A total of 1,132 enemy planes were put out of action. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. Spruance himself directed a task group of battleships, cruisers and destroyers that left the main body to go after Japanese ships that were fleeing Truk, sinking the light cruiser Katori and destroyer Maikaze. Two years later, Spruance again received orders for the Naval War College and taught on the staff until April 1938. Navy Secretary Frank Knox said of Kwajalein: The Japanese had been there 20 years. Admiral William L. Calhoun saw him as a cold-blooded fighting fool. Then it was back to Pebble Beach. With World War I raging, he became Assistant Engineer Officer of the New York Navy Yard. Meanwhile, the Japanese attack on the Aleutian Islands had been carried out as planned on June 3. >A few days later, Mitscher rejoined Spruance and the Fifth Fleet. Answer: Admiral Yamamoto had hoped to fight a classic-style sea battle with battleships, but Spruance had proved that the aircraft carrier was now emerging as the capital ship of naval combat forces. The Battle of Midway was fought June 4-7, 1942, during World War II (1939-1945) and was the turning point of the war in the Pacific. Japanese submarine I-168 torpedoes and torpedoes a damaged US aircraft carrier and its escorting destroyer. The recipient of the letter below was his longtime friend and former chief-of-staff Captain Charles "Carl" J. Moore. In the course of a two-hour interview, he stood or walked about all the timenot restlessly, but slowly and deliberately. In the opening weeks of the conflict, Spruance's cruisers served under Vice Admiral William "Bull" Halsey and took part in raids against the Gilbert and Marshall Islands before striking Wake Island. The score was 402 Japanese planes and six ships, with a loss of 122 planes from Mitschers flattops. The Japanese had been battered for weeks by aerial bombardment, and knew the invasion was imminent. The Japanese carriers were beginning to launch fighters as Torpedo 8 roared down to attack, without fighter cover. During the attacks, the Japanese lost twelve warships, thirty-two merchant ships, and 249 aircraft. In May 1942, intelligence suggested that the Japanese were planning on assaulting Midway Island. He was the grandfather of legendary theatre director Anne Bogart. Subscribe to receive our weekly newsletter with top stories from master historians. Historian Samuel Eliot Morison believed he was one of the greatest fighting and thinking admirals in American naval history. He disliked personal publicity and had a reputation for freezing reporters who invaded his privacy. The U.S. Navy intercept force centered on the three carriers Enterprise, Hornet, and Yorktown, and their air-attack squadrons. Akagi class Japanese aircraft carrier that served as the flagship of Admiral Nagumo. The Battle of Midway was a turning point in the Pacific War. He enjoyed hot chocolate and would make it for himself every morning. These plans proved moot when the war came to an abrupt end in early August with the use of the atom bomb. About his intellect he was equally unpretentious: Some people believe that when I am quiet that I am thinking some deep and important thoughts, when the fact is that I am thinking of nothing at all. He has appeared on The History Channel as a featured expert. He was modest and candid about himself. Spruance graduated from the U.S. Spruance died in Pebble Beach, California, on December 13, 1969, and was buried with full military honors at Golden Gate National Cemetery near San Francisco. The American losses were Yorktown, destroyer Hammann and 147 planes. Four days after the invasion, all immediate objectives had been taken, and by February 8, 1944, all organized resistance had ceased. Akagi and Kaga subsequently went down. Leaving, he assumed command of USS Mississippi. He commanded U.S. naval forces during one of the most significant naval battles that took place in the Pacific Theatre: the Battle of the Philippine Sea. Japanese fleet in charge of landing army units on Midway. He also held several engineering, intelligence, staff and Naval War College positions up to the 1940s. https://www.thoughtco.com/admiral-raymond-spruance-2360511 (accessed March 1, 2023). United States bombers sank three Japanese ships. Admiral Spruances last campaigns were the invasions of Iwo Jima and Okinawa, and he was awarded the Navy Cross for extraordinary heroism. His next assignment was command of the destroyer Aaron Ward, and then USS Perceval. Calm, collected, decisive, yet receptive to advice; keeping in his mind the picture of widely disparate forces, yet boldly seizing every opening. A number of strategic and tactical errors contributed to the Japanese defeat: Yamamotos virtual isolation on the bridge of Yamato and his failure to maintain an overall grip on the strategic situation; a loss of nerve on the part of Nagumo; tradition that led Yamaguchi and other enemy commanders to go down with their ships instead of trying to recover the initiative; insufficient reconnaissance against the U.S. carriers; a lack of high-altitude fighter cover; inadequate fire precautions aboard the ships; and the launching of airstrikes from all four fleet carriers at the same time, so that there was a critical period when the Japanese carrier force had little defensive capability. For most of the war, Spruance preferred to use the heavy cruiser USSIndianapolis, named for his hometown, as his flagship. help him spread the Gospel?Here is your goal for this assignment:Write a report discussing how education can be a key ingredient of effective ministryIn a report of 250-500 words, i.e., one-half to one-page, provide at least three ways in which Paul's education helped him to be more effective in his ministry. For his actions at Iwo Jima and Okinawa, Spruance was awarded the Navy Cross. Nimitz had no battleships left after the Pearl Harbor attack, and after the Battle of the Coral Sea there were only two flattops ready for action, Enterprise and Hornet. Spruance was portrayed by Glenn Ford (a US Naval Reserve officer himself) in the 1976 film Midway, and by Jake Weber in the 2019 film Midway. Flagship of Kakuta. The battle commenced on the morning of June4; the first several waves of U.S. attack aircraft were badly beaten, both near Midway and at sea around the Japanese task force. The Eastern Orthodox Church developed from the church in Constantinople. Spruances naval guns started their bombardment two days later. Spruance was calculating and cautious. Spruance commanded US naval forces during two of the most significant naval battles that took place in the Pacific theater, the Battle of Midway and the Battle of the Philippine Sea. US Naval Task force under Raymond Spruance with 2 carriers, Enterprise and Hornet. On 13 May 1945, Admiral Raymond Spruance put pen to paper and described the second kamikaze attack he experienced at Okinawa. Notwithstanding their different personalities, Spruance and Halsey were close friends. Yet because of his modest, retiring nature, Spruance was never a popular hero in the manner of Admirals Nimitz, William F. Halsey and Marc A. Mitscher. [7], He commanded the Percival during the sea trials off the California coast and during the patrol cruises with the Destroyer Force, Pacific Fleet until May 1922, when he was ordered to Washington, D.C., for duty in the Bureau of Engineering under Rear Admiral John K. Robison. It was hit and shortly after destroyed by American dive bombers. Japanese aircraft carrier attached to the Main Body of the fleet and saw close to no action. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. I finally wangled two months at sea, in 1918, before the war was over. You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser, How does Admiral Spruance explain the U.S. victory, The Brown case began what trend in American Raymond A. Spruance. [14][15] For his actions at the battle of Midway Rear Admiral Spruance was awarded the Navy Distinguished Service Medal and cited as follows: "For exceptionally meritorious service as Task Force Commander, United States Pacific Fleet. Naval Academy at Annapolis. Raymond Ames Spruance (July 3, 1886 December 13, 1969) was a United States Navy admiral during World War II. During World War II, he was commander in the . It Didnt End Well. For the main Midway assault, the Japanese force consisted of the main battle fleet under Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, composed of three battleships, a light carrier and a destroyer screen; Admiral Chuichi Nagumos combined fleet of two battleships, two heavy cruisers, destroyers and four fleet carriers carrying more than 250 aircraft; and an invasion task force led by Admiral Nobutake Kondo, consisting of a dozen transport ships carrying 5,000 troops, closely supported by four heavy cruisers, two battleships and a light carrier; and a three-cordon submarine force intended to neutralize U.S. countermoves. On December 30, 1914, Spruance married Margaret Vance Dean, the daughter of an Indianapolis businessman. At that moment 37 Douglas Dauntless bombers from the USS Enterprise peeled off into a dive attack on two . Four fleet carriers and the heavy cruiser Mikuma were sunk; a cruiser, three destroyers, an oiler and a battleship were damaged. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/admiral-raymond-spruance-2360511. Naval History and Heritage Command, "Biography of Raymond A. Spruance Press Release July 24, 1941, United States Navy Department", "Adm Spruance's Fitrep after Battle of Midway", Citation, Navy Cross, Raymond A. Spruance, "Admiral Raymond Ames Spruance America's Navy", "News Release: Navy Names Two New Guided Missile Destroyers", "War & Remembrance (Part 3) (May 26 July 25, 1942)", "War & Remembrance (Part 3) (May 26 July 25, 1942) 1988", Pacific Crucible: War at Sea in the Pacific, 19411942, The Conquering Tide: War in the Pacific Islands, 19421944, Twilight of the Gods: War in the Western Pacific, 19441945, United States Ambassadors to the Philippines, Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raymond_A._Spruance&oldid=1137739908, Ambassadors of the United States to the Philippines, High Commissioners of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army), Recipients of the Navy Cross (United States), Recipients of the Navy Distinguished Service Medal, Articles with dead external links from July 2022, Articles with dead external links from December 2020, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2016, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 6 February 2023, at 05:43. 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