To delineate more accurately the point at which Myb blocks differentiation, MEL cells were transfected with a human c-myb construct under the control of the beta-globin promoter and enhancers. Interest in single-cell whole-transcriptome analysis is growing rapidly, especially for profiling rare or heterogeneous populations of cells. War in Ukraine 2022: Prof. Michael Clarke analysis 116 videos 3,380 views Updated 5 days ago Defence and security analyst Professor Michael Clarke's observations mostly on Sky News. Differential regulation of medium versus serum perfusion demonstrated that increased NIH-3T3 cell metabolism was directly proportional to the serum flux to which the cells were exposed. RRV replication was significantly rescued in IFN types I and II, as well as STAT1 (IFN types I, II, and III) deficient mice in contrast to EW, which was only modestly sensitive to IFNs I and II. This suggests that agents that target the defective self-renewal pathways in cancer cells might lead to improved outcomes in the treatment of these diseases. Park, I. K., Qian, D. L., Kiel, M., Becker, M. W., Pihalja, M., Weissman, I. L., Morrison, S. J., Clarke, M. F. Prospective identification of tumorigenic breast cancer cells. Hernandez-Alcoceba, R., Pihalja, M., Wicha, M. S., Clarke, M. F. A bipartite nuclear localization signal is required for p53 nuclear import regulated by a carboxyl-terminal domain, Germ cell tumor: Differentiation of viable tumor, mature teratoma, and necrotic tissue with FDG PET and kinetic modeling. His passion is to see government conservation policy based on the best available. C-myb is involved in regulating normal human hematopoiesis, and inhibits dimethyl sulfoxide-induced differentiation of Friend murine erythroleukemia (F-MEL) cells. This demonstrates that there are distinct genetic determinants of the frequencies of HSCs and restricted progenitors in vivo. While the class is nonetheless challenging, Professor Clark does his best to help all students pass. Michael Clarke 30.99 Hardback Inspiring Impressionism: Michael Clarke 24.95 Paperback Add to Basket The Xinjiang Emergency: Michael Clarke 20.00 Paperback Add to Basket Understanding Foreign Policy: Michael Clarke 28.95 Paperback Add to Basket The Story of Troy (Hardback) Michael Clarke 42.90 Hardback Add to Basket Cytoplasmic sequestration of the p53 tumor suppresser protein has been proposed as a mechanism involved in abolishing p53 function. Betancur, P. A., Abraham, B. J., Yiu, Y. Y., Willingham, S. B., Khameneh, F., Zarnegar, M., Kuo, A. H., McKenna, K., Kojima, Y., Leeper, N. J., Ho, P., Gip, P., Swigut, T., Sherwood, R. I., Clarke, M. F., Somlo, G., Young, R. A., Weissman, I. L. Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis: Evolving Paradigms and Future Directions. We performed the first genome-wide expression analysis directly comparing the expression profile of highly enriched normal human hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and leukemic stem cells (LSC) from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). CD47 mRNA expression levels correlated with a decreased probability of survival for multiple types of cancer. Prior to that he was Professor of Defence Studies at King's College London, and Deputy Vice-Principal for Research Development. In vitro, blockade of CD47 signaling using targeted monoclonal antibodies enabled macrophage phagocytosis of tumor cells that were otherwise protected. Identification of a novel microRNA-mediated pathway that regulates chemoresistance in breast cancer will facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies. View details for DOI 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.02.006, View details for Web of Science ID 000303113600038, View details for PubMedCentralID PMC3911891. Chemotherapy resistance frequently drives tumour progression. Unequivocal proof that stem cells exist in the haematopoietic system has given way to the prospective isolation of several tissue-specific stem and progenitor cells, the initial delineation of their properties and expressed genetic programmes, and the beginnings of their utility in regenerative medicine. We focused our analysis of gene expression on RNA from primitive leukemia-initiating cells, which harbor 5q deletions, and analyzed 12 genes within the CDR that are expressed by normal hematopoietic stem cells. Here we performed bulk RNA sequencing of 17 organs and plasma proteomics at 10 ages across the lifespan of Mus musculus, and integrated these findings with data from the accompanying Tabula Muris Senis2-or 'Mouse Ageing Cell Atlas'-which follows on from the original Tabula Muris3. We previously reported that miR-142 and miR-150 are upregulated in human breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) as compared to the non-tumorigenic breast cancer cells. This makes it virtually impossible to infect the majority of tumor cells in vivo and results in inadequate gene transfer. Inflammation disrupts tissue architecture and function, thereby contributing to the pathogenesis of diverse diseases; the signals that promote or restrict tissue inflammation thus represent potential targets for therapeutic intervention. View details for DOI 10.1073/pnas.1121623109, View details for DOI 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2012-3331, View details for Web of Science ID 000209701505088, View details for DOI 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2012-1012, View details for Web of Science ID 000209701505194. Room 424:1 Advanced Engineering Building (49) . Professor Michael Clarke is a British security analyst. Ageing is characterized by a progressive loss of physiological integrity, leading to impaired function and increased vulnerability to death1. The existence of CSCs mandates careful analysis and comparison of normal tissue stem cells and CSCs to identify differences between the two cell types. The nucleotide sequence of a transforming human c-sis complementary DNA shows an open reading frame 723 base pairs in length located downstream from an in-phase terminator thymine-guanine-adenine codon. Herein, we present a discussion around the issues facing treatment of patients with CRCliver metastases, including the relationship of discretegene signatures with prognosis. In addition, wild-type p53 expression also prevented FdUrd-induced DNA double-strand breaks and, unexpectedly, single-strand breaks in parental (mature) DNA. Deletion of MYD88 or TLR2 in the intestinal epithelium markedly reduces DSS-induced colitis regeneration and spontaneous tumour development in mice. We therefore propose to initiate a phase I clinical trial to test the safety of this virus in women with breast cancer undergoing high does chemotherapy and autologous BMT. MACARTHUR, L. H., Clarke, M. F., Westin, E. H. THE INFLUENCE OF EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX AND STROMA REMODELING ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF LONG-TERM HUMAN BONE-MARROW CULTURES. Patients generally die of cancer after the failure of current therapies to eliminate residual disease. Cell surface GM-CSF receptor binding was characterized by the binding of the analogues to human neutrophils, with detection by fluorescein-conjugated avidin and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. In both breast cancers and central nervous system tumors, cancer cells differ in their ability to form tumors. These findings suggest that deregulated expression of Bcl-xS using an adenovirus may provide a novel mechanism for initiating cell death in tumors that express Bcl-2 or Bcl-xL. In spite of substantial differences in the extent of methylation of class I-related genes, no obvious differences exist among these cell types in their levels of expression of HLA-A and -B antigens. Professor Michael Clarke was Director General of the Royal United Services Institute (RUSI) from 2007 to 2015. Diehn, M., Cho, R. W., Dorie, M., KULP, A., Weissman, I. L., Brown, M., Clarke, M. F. Cancer stem cells in head and neck squamous carcinoma. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have self-renewal capacity and multilineage developmental potentials. He earned a B.A. Within 24-48 hr, viral RNA expression increased at least four- to eightfold. Access is controlled by the 1936 Montreux Convention that gives Turkey the right to close the straits in times of war. Despite this central role, the mechanism of action of Bcl-2 is not yet clear. We collected eleven pancreatic tumors and identified three shared and five private neoplastic cell populations, offering insight into the origins of neuroendocrine and exocrine tumors. Finally, although the two human tumors were derived from diverse genetic backgrounds, we found that their migratory tumor cells exhibited coordinated gene expression changes that led to the same end-phenotype of enhanced migration involving activating actin polymerization and myosin contraction. In one clone, the alternative splicing would generate a predicted myb protein with a three amino acid deletion in the region involved in transcription activation. Liu, H., Bockhorn, J., Dalton, R., Nwachukwu, C., Prat, A., Yee, K., Huang, S., Swanson, K., Perou, C. M., Olopade, O. I., Clarke, M. F., Greene, G. L. MicroRNA-203 restricts the proliferation capacity of normal colon and colon cancer stem cells by regulating the expression of Tcf4. View details for Web of Science ID 000255592400041, View details for Web of Science ID 000246136200023. Metastasis remains a significant challenge in treating cancer. A., Sim, S., Okamoto, J., Johnston, D. M., Qian, D., Zabala, M., Bueno, J., Neff, N. F., Wang, J., Shelton, A. The fragment with a tandem repeat of the 72-bp element also does not associate randomly with histones. We used Bcl-XS, a dominant negative inhibitor of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL, to demonstrate the role of these genes in modulating chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Although the colon also contains Lgr5(+) stem cells, it does not contain Paneth cells. All measured metabolic rates increased with increased medium exchange rates and accelerated sharply between exchange rates of 3.5/week and 7/week. Mandel, Michael - Associate Professor: Computer and Information Science Manlow, Veronica B. This system allows one round of viral replication. Dr. Michael F. Clarke is the Karel and Avice Beekhuis Professor in Cancer Biology and Associate Director of the Stanford Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine. Individual phenotypic cancer cell subsets were purified, and their tumor-initiating properties were investigated by injection in NOD/SCID mice. Using an ELISA assay which quantitates DNA damage, we demonstrate that this sensitization is due to apoptosis, suggesting the therapeutic utility of targeting this pathway. There was no detectable self-renewal of adult HSCs, indicating a cell autonomous defect in Bmi-1-/- mice. High-level expression of the c-sis oncogene, which encodes the beta chain of platelet-derived growth factor, transforms immortalized rodent fibroblasts in vitro to a malignant phenotype. Adorno, M., Sikandar, S., Mitra, S. S., Kuo, A., Nicolis Di Robilant, B., Haro-Acosta, V., Ouadah, Y., Quarta, M., Rodriguez, J., Qian, D., Reddy, V. M., Cheshier, S., Garner, C. C., Clarke, M. F. Identification of a cKit(+) Colonic Crypt Base Secretory Cell That Supports Lgr5(+) Stem Cells in Mice. Just months into the Biden-Harris administration, the change in tone, message, and approach to transatlantic relations is palpable. To explore the possible role of c-sis expression in HTLV-induced disease, we have obtained cDNA clones of c-sis from HUT-102 cells. These models recapitulate human cancer features not captured with previous models, including spontaneous metastasis in particular, and provide a useful platform for studies of breast tumor initiation and progression. AKR/J mice had significantly higher frequencies and numbers of both HSCs and restricted progenitors in their bone marrow than C57BL/Ka-Thy-1.1 mice. In addition to clinical duties in oncology, Dr. Clarke maintains a laboratory . Ailles, L., Prince, M., Joshua, B., Doweck, I., Kaplan, M., Clarke, M., Weissman, I. Willingham, S. B., Volkmer, J., Gentles, A. J., Sahoo, D., Dalerba, P., Mitra, S. S., Wang, J., Contreras-Trujillo, H., Martin, R., Cohen, J. D., Lovelace, P., Scheeren, F. A., Chao, M. P., Weiskopf, K., Tang, C., Volkmer, A. K., Naik, T. J., Storm, T. A., Mosley, A. R., Edris, B., Schmid, S. M., Sun, C. K., Chua, M., Murillo, O., Rajendran, P., Cha, A. C., Chin, R. K., Kim, D., Adorno, M., Raveh, T., Tseng, D., Jaiswal, S., Enger, P. O., Steinberg, G. K., Li, G., So, S. K., Majeti, R., Harsh, G. R., van de Rijn, M., Teng, N. N., Sunwoo, J. Furthermore, we found that the c-myc and bcl-2 genes cooperate to inhibit p53 functions. Best response after ABMT included: two CR, one CR surgically NED, five PR, three PR surgically NED, seven SD, and eight PD. Epigenetic regulation of normal and cancer stem cells, Neurobiology: At the root of brain cancer, Chronic myelogenous leukemia - Identifying the hydra's heads, Therapeutic implications of cancer stem cells. High-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) and autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is frequently used to treat patients with metastatic cancer including breast cancer and neuroblastoma. The traditional approaches to remove LDV from tumor cells, by transplanting tumors into rats or culturing tumor cells in vitro, are inefficient, labor-intensive and time-consuming. View details for Web of Science ID A1991GV58400008. Parsels, L. A., Zellars, R. C., Loney, T. L., Parsels, J. D., Clarke, M. F., MERCHANT, A. K., Lawrence, T. S., Maybaum, J. Bcl-x(s) enhances adenoviral vector-induced apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells. As precision medicine increases the response rate of treatment, tumors frequently bypass inhibition and reoccur. View details for Web of Science ID 000398343600001. Using these targeted reporter mice, we demonstrated that Bmi-1 is expressed in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) at its highest levels and downregulated upon commitment to differentiation. View details for Web of Science ID 000072317400002. These pathways are commonly repressed in cancer, suggesting a mechanism by which early progenitor cells could gain the ability to self-renew and become malignant with further oncogenic mutations. Treatment-related mortality was 10%. View details for Web of Science ID 000178077600006. KIT and/or KITLG was stably knocked down by expression of small hairpin RNAs from lentiviral vectors in DLD1, HT29, LS174T, and COLO320 DM colon cancer cell lines, and in UM-COLON#8 and POP77 xenografts; cells transduced with only vector were used as controls. Hosen, N., Yamane, T., Muijtjens, M., Pham, K., Clarke, M. F., Weissman, I. L. Phenotypic characterization of human colorectal cancer stem cells. By focusing on the biology of CoCSC, major resistance mechanisms to specific chemotherapeutic agents can be attributed to specific genes, thereby suggesting avenues for improving cancer therapy. Olivieri, J., Dehghannasiri, R., Wang, P. L., Jang, S., de Morree, A., Tan, S. Y., Ming, J., Wu, A., Consortium, T., Quake, S. R., Krasnow, M. A., Salzman, J. TACH101, a first-in-class pan inhibitor of KDM4 histone lysine demethylases. Here we show that normal mammary epithelial stem cells contain lower concentrations of ROS than their more mature progeny cells. Microarray analysis comparing Thy1+CD24+ tumor cells to not-Thy1+CD24+ cells identified a list of differentially expressed genes. Since only a portion of the cells in culture expressed Ig light chains, experiments were carried out to exclude the possibility that the cultures were not a mixture of B and T or non-B cells. Eight (28%) patients are continuously progression-free a median 60 months (range, 31-93) from first ABMT. Administration of anti-CD47 antibodies inhibited tumor growth in orthotopic immunodeficient mouse xenotransplantation models established with patient tumor cells and increased the survival of the mice over time. The arrangement of this clone suggests that its RNA transcript was activated by provirus integration in cis, possibly by the activity of a downstream provirus enhancer. In contrast to cells in G1, cells cultured at 32.5 degrees C for prolonged periods during S phase and G2/M, and then returned to 37.5 degrees C, did not become committed to cell death. Overall, we demonstrate a novel approach for imaging physiologic and pathological remodeling. Here we show that Bmi-1 is required for the self-renewal of stem cells in the peripheral and central nervous systems but not for their survival or differentiation. View details for Web of Science ID A1990DX36100002, View details for Web of Science ID A1989T821800013. One of the best candidate genes involved in conferring self-renewal capacity is Bmi-1, which has been proven to be essential for the maintenance of both normal adult hematopoietic and leukemia stem cells, as well as adult neural stem cells. A central question in cancer biology is, which cells can be transformed to form tumors? An interleukin-6 family member, interleukin-11 is identified as a secondary target of twinfilin 1 in the microRNA-30c signalling pathway. Location University of Rochester 402 Hutchison Hall P.O. In addition to his clinical duties in the division of Oncology, Dr. Clarke maintains a laboratory focused on two areas of research: i) the control of self-renewal of normal stem cells and their malignant counterparts; and ii) the identification and characterization of cancer stem cells. Zhao, C., Cai, S., Shin, K., Lim, A., Kalisky, T., Lu, W., Clarke, M. F., Beachy, P. A. Caldwell, J., LOCEY, B., Clarke, M. F., Emerson, S. G., Palsson, B. O. DIFFERENTIATION OF MOUSE ERYTHROLEUKEMIA-CELLS ENHANCED BY ALTERNATIVELY SPLICED C-MYB MESSENGER-RNA. Sen, A., Rothenberg, M. E., Mukherjee, G., Feng, N., Kalisky, T., Nair, N., Johnstone, I. M., Clarke, M. F., Greenberg, H. B. Remodeling of Endogenous Mammary Epithelium by Breast Cancer Stem Cells. Recent studies have begun to elucidate the mechanisms controlling hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal. To date, therapies targeting end-stage disease plaques, tangles, or inflammation have limited efficacy. However, the mechanisms regulating p53 subcellular localization remain unclear. Imatinib inhibited growth of KIT(+) colon cancer organoids in culture and growth of xenograft tumors in mice. Acad. Temporary expression of wild-type p53 activity in the absence of drug treatment caused some loss of clonogenicity, although the magnitude of this cytotoxic effect was small compared with the level of cell kill obtained by treatment with cytotoxic drugs for similar periods of time, indicating that HT29 cells are not highly sensitive to induction of programmed cell death by wild-type p53. My research is located in three overlapping fields: (a) linguistic and cultural transfer from Mediterranean Antiquity to the medieval European vernaculars; (b) comparative study of epic and heroic narrative traditions, especially in Greek, Latin, and Babylonian, and of their Celtic and Germanic successors and analogues; (c) semantic His drumming was basic and, for the most part, appropriate for the Byrds' needs, although he was . The bcl-xs adenovirus vector may prove useful in killing cancer cells contaminating the bone marrow of patients undergoing autologous bone marrow transplantation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is a powerful assay used to probe DNA-protein interactions. In back-to-back articles in Cell and Cell Stem Cell, Song etal. A., Chen, L., Levy, R. Removal of lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus from human-in-mouse breast tumor xenografts by cell-sorting. List A-Z. Patients who do poorly despite ABMT have a mediastinal primary site, true cisplatin-refractory disease, disease progression prior to ABMT, and/or markedly elevated betaHCG at ABMT. Clarke was interested . Subsequently, the majority of tumors adapt to the withdrawal of KrasG12D expression and return. Recent observations indicate that, in several types of human cancer, only a phenotypic subset of cancer cells within each tumor is capable of initiating tumor growth. However, multipotent progenitors lack the ability to self-renew, therefore their mitotic capacity and expansion potential are limited and they are destined to eventually stop proliferating after a finite number of cell divisions. View details for Web of Science ID A1982NS41700015, American Association of Physicians, - (-), American Society of Clinical Investigation, - (-), Rackham Award, University of Michigan (-), Please see Dr. Michael Clarke's bio on the following School of Medicine website(s). The IGS was also associated with the prognosis in medulloblastoma (P=0.004), lung cancer (P=0.03), and prostate cancer (P=0.01). Program Affiliations. He is a board certified oncologist with extensive training in molecular biology and stem cell biology. identify miR-22 as both a repressor of TET proteins and a powerful oncogene in the mammary epithelium and hematopoietic system. View details for DOI 10.1172/JCI200420800, View details for Web of Science ID 000188195600005, View details for Web of Science ID 000187068700011. View the profiles of people named Michael Clarke. View details for DOI 10.1016/j.gde.2008.01.017, View details for Web of Science ID 000256954100008, View details for Web of Science ID 000253701800002, View details for Web of Science ID 000258805300065, View details for Web of Science ID 000251969000893. It has been proposed, therefore, that failure to effectively treat cancer may in part be due to preferential resistance of these CSC to chemotherapeutic agents. Sequences within this region were identical to those previously determined for the exons of the normal human c-sis gene. He has been a member of the AHRC Peer Review College and a Strategic Reviewer for the AHRC. We have examined the respiratory burst and arachidonic acid oxygenation that accompany phagocytosis in macrophages. View details for DOI 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.05.042, View details for Web of Science ID 000360269800039, View details for PubMedCentralID PMC4550533. Rather than terminally differentiating, these cells are induced to undergo apoptosis. Pardal, R., Clarke, M. F., Morrison, S. J. These results indicate that, similar to normal tissue stem cells, subsets of CSCs in some tumours contain lower ROS levels and enhanced ROS defences compared to their non-tumorigenic progeny, which may contribute to tumour radioresistance. Identification of pancreatic cancer stem cells and further elucidation of the signaling pathways that regulate their growth and survival may provide novel therapeutic approaches to treat pancreatic cancer, which is notoriously resistant to standard chemotherapy and radiation. Leukemic peripheral blood lymphocytes from individuals infected with the human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus (HTLV) were found to express little or no viral RNA before being put into tissue culture. Published algorithms for automatic cell annotation are limited to known cell types and fail to capture novel populations, especially cancer cells. Human tumors where evidence of cancer stem cells has been published include tumors of the breast, brain, pancreas, head and neck, and colon. "Bulk" measurements of antiviral innate immune responses from pooled cells yield averaged signals and do not reveal underlying signaling heterogeneity in infected and bystander single cells. 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