Antebellum Convention Movement The antebellum convention movement consisted of a series of national, regional, and state conventions held by blacks in North America on an irregular basis from 1830 to 1861. \quad\text{Preferred Stock)}&& \$ 2.20\\ \quad\text{Rosenwald Company}&125,000\\ Angelina later married Theodore Dwight Weld, a prominent abolitionist preacher. \quad\text{Dividends on Common Shares}&& (2,080,000)\\ Many Americans viewed drunkenness as a major national problem, and the battle against alcohol and the many problems associated . Young female teachers staffed many of the schools. The rebellion was quelled by a local militia, who killed or captured many of the insurrectionists. Gabriel, a blacksmith, was often leased out to work for others; in this more relaxed system, he was able to move more freely and recruit conspirators, a pattern that was only enhanced by the summers revival meetings. Turner himself evaded capture for months. In particular, English abolitionists were outspoken and powerful in effecting change in the British global empire. Three hundred delegates, both men and women, attended the meeting. To what degree was antebellum reform international in scope? While not all Americans were active in the various reform movements, taken together, the reform impulse was a powerful force that characterizes the antebellum era. For example, Virginia passed legislation making it illegal to teach slaves, free blacks, or mulattoes to read or write. One of the defining characteristics of the Second Great Awakening was large gatherings at religious revivals. Unitarians stressed the inherent goodness of humankind. Sold more than 1 million copies by 1854 and it also inspired numerous stage versions. As a result, some African American congregants left the evangelical churches because of racial discrimination or because they were barred from leadership positions within the church and founded their own evangelical denominations, such as the African Methodist Episcopal (AME) church. However, there were limits to spiritual equality; although all were spiritually equal in the eyes of God, for many believers, African Americans and women were still inferior to white men in all other ways. Far more women than men were converted during the revivals of the Second Great Awakening. Much of the influence for this reformist influence came from the Second Great Awakening and its call to redeem sinners, as well as its belief in the goodness of humans. \quad\text{Chicago Finance Corporation}& \$1,800,000\\ A Massachusetts schoolteacher was the leading advocate of more humane treatment of the insane, who at the time generally were placed in jails alongside debtors and hardened criminals. 2 One reform in particular that has shaped human rights and rehabilitation is the Prison and Asylum Reforms of the 1830s. In late August of 1831, Turner and his followers launched the rebellion. \text{Income Taxes Payable}& 430,000 &300,000\\ His many autobiographies, including Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, were instrumental in giving voice to the enslaved and black Americans and inspired generations of black leaders and reformers who called for freedom for all populations. The sisters spoke before state legislations and were among the first women to speak in public forums before mixed sex groups. All over the country, African Americans joined the Baptist, Methodist, and other churches, in part as a response to the message of spiritual equality. \text{Merchandise Inventory}& 1,800,000& 1,500,000\\ Transcendentalism's roots were in American Christianity. Give Me Liberty Ch. \text{Chicago Finance Corporation (40\\\% Owned)}& \$ 4,000,000 &\$ 2,200,000\\ The Book of Mormon was published in 1830, and Smith began the formation of his church. By 1850, about 3.2 million slaves labored in the United States, 1.8 million of whom worked in the cotton fields. \text{Basic Earnings per Common Share (Based on 1,600,000} \\ We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. \text{Amortization of Patent} &&125,000\\ The region of western and central New York where Finney was most active became the site of intensive religious fervor and reform. Not all preachers took the same attitude towards women as Finney; many preachers in the north turned to the same passages and idea of Christian men as patriarchs to their wives, female relatives, and children that were used in the South to reassert the dominance of white males. Two of the most significant reform movements to come out of the reform period of 1820-1840 were the anti-slavery movement and the womens rights movement. Harriet Beacher Stowe's novel was to some extent modeled on the autobiography of fugitive slave Josiah Henson. The movement began in Europe in the 1700s with the growth of the Baptist movement and the foundation of the Methodist church. Dr. William Ellery Channing, one of the leading preachers and theologians of the Unitarian Church, preached on the great potential of humans. In Appalachia and the South, the Second Great Awakening brought a sense of community and provided entertainment in isolated rural and frontier areas. Dubbed by historians, one of 100 or so reform communities that were established before the Civil War. In 1822 , a former slave named Denmark Vesey planned to lead eighty slaves in a revolt in Charleston, South Carolina. Was used as an avenue to social advancement and was shared by the early labor movement, which made the establishment of common schools one of its goals. Although neither group saw their causes ultimate goals achieved during the era of reform, each movement saw great advances. \text{Gain on Sale of Machinery and Equipment}&& 200,000\\ 30.4130.4130.41 Merchants with commercial ties to the South. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. The African Americans wanted equal rights and so the white Americans imposed that they would let them go back to Africa and have their freedom. Dix was instrumental in motivating a state role in the creation of these facilities. \text{Property Rights Acquired Under Lease}&1,500,000 &1,500,000\\ Calvinism, which taught that only an elect few Christians would be saved, lost much of its appeal; Americans instead turned to a relatively new kind of Christianity, evangelicalism. - moral suasion through speeches and literature. Significantly, Gabriel forbade the conspirators to kill Methodists and Quakers, groups that were actively seeking manumission for slaves in the area at this time. The colonizationist wanted antislavery but the want to segregation between white and blacks. The Unitarian church was most popular in New England and was centered in Boston. Further reproduction prohibited without . Legal. It declared that all men and women are created equal, and went on to list the repeated injuries and usurpations on the part of man toward women, including that He has compelled her to submit to laws, in the formation of which she had no voice, and He has taken from her all right in property, even to the wages she earns. The Declaration of Sentiments formed the basis of the goals of the womens rights movement that lasted throughout the rest of the century. The development of separate northern and southern economies, westward expansion of the nation, and a spirit of reform marked the era. Afterward, the rebels would flee to the newly-freed nation of Haiti. Social activists sought to end slavery and establish greater rights for women. There, the convention refused to seat the American female delegates. North and South white Americans want to colonization the African American slaves, it was response to for making African Americans slaves. Many mentally ill individuals eventually ended up imprisoned as well, as no facilities for the treatment of the mentally ill existed. Many Americans found this radical notion of racial equality and the call to end these restrictive laws intimidating or even frightening. Teachers tend to be so . In later years, the Society provided the founding impetus to the Liberty Party, a political party with an abolitionist platform. \text{Total Current Liabilities}& \$ 2,430,000 &\$ 1,800,000\\ \textbf{Intangibles (at Net Carrying Value)}\\ There was a rise in literacy due to a few revolutions that sparked hope and motivation among blacks who suffered through slavery. Eventually, the American Anti-Slavery Society itself split into factions over social issues. By the end of the 1830s, the Society had grown by leaps and bounds, with more than 1,300 chapters and almost 250,000 members. Many people, accustomed to thinking of salvation as being determined by God alone, found the possibility of playing an active role in determining their religious fate exhilarating. The experiment in Liberia proved to be, in many ways, a failure; hundreds died from disease soon after emigrating. Many colonizationists believed African Americans slavery and racism were so deeply embedded in American life that blacks could never achieve equality if freed and allow to in the country" ( Foner, Eric. \text{Bad Debt Expense} &&120,000\\ \text{Depreciation of Plant and Equipment and Amortization}\\ The American Anti-Slavery Society (AASS) (1833-1870) was an abolitionist society founded by William Lloyd Garrison, and Arthur Tappan. Abolitionists differed in their ideas about how to effectively bring about the end of slavery. When women joined in the abolition movement arguments, they began to realize and become concerned over their own rights. The Unitarian movement spread through many of the Congregationalist churches of the area. They worked tirelessly to promote the ideals of liberty, equality, and justice for all. The end of slavery would come about gradually under this ideal. Although Vesey's plans failed, southerners became terrified of losing control over slaves. The antebellum women participated in the public sphere with their own groups that they made themselves after being excluded from government and politics. This led to a women's movement that would run side by side with the abolition movement for equal rights among all people that live in the United States. Before the early 1800s, education for most Americans was very basic. Discuss any differences between the preferences of men and women. The reform impulse was not solely confined to the United States; Europeans were also in the midst of their own reform efforts. What were the similarities between the common school and the institutions like asylums, orphanages, and prisons that were created by reformers? The similarities and differences between the common school and institution like asylums, orphanages, and prisons that were created by reformers are the similarities were the intent to remake human beings into free, morally upright citizens and shared with communitarians and religious believers. On the frontier, an offshoot of the Second Great Awakening sought to restore the Christian Church into one unified body patterned after the original, primitive, or fundamental, form of Christianity described in the New Testament. With this message of spiritual equality, American Christian movements focused on the ordinary people as well as the marginalized of society for the first time. Its roots lay in the revivals of the Second Great Awakening, where religious reformers called for individuals to lead clean lives and to redeem their sinning neighbors. Faster, MaleFemale23021820249048\begin{array}{rr}\text { Male } & \text { Female } \\ 230 & 218 \\ 20 & 24 \\ 90 & 48\end{array} The womens rights movement did not attract broad support among women or men during the antebellum era. In 1828, his Likeness to God sermon argued that true religion is marked by the believer becoming more and more like God. A popularized outlook by way of revivals. 2. Much of this perception stems from the Cult of Domesticity. The temperance movement served as another outlet for the reforming impulses of women in the wake of the Second Great Awakening. \text{Income TaxesCurrent}&& 1,430,000\\ 2. This page titled 13.1: Religious Reforms in the Antebellum United States is shared under a CC BY-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Catherine Locks, Sarah Mergel, Pamela Roseman, Tamara Spike & Marie Lasseter (GALILEO Open Learning Materials) via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request. \text{Rent Received in Advance}& 50,000& \\ You should study the financial statements before responding to these questions and problems. 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In asylums they receive temporary care and attention. \text{ASSETS}\\ Finney also protested against slavery from the pulpit, and became active in the abolitionist movement. Named after Thomas More's sixteenth-century novel Utopia, an outline of a perfect society. Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, two of the excluded delegates, united to form an organization that would speak for oppressed women. \text{General Corporate Expenses} &&420,000\\ Camp meetings were a new form of religious expression for the United States. Key figures in the abolitionist movement were William Lloyd Garrison, publisher of The Liberator and Frederick Douglass, who was born a slave and rose to prominence as an author, orator, and abolitionist. \textbf{Property, Plant, and Equipment}\\ William Miller, a Baptist convert and editor of the Advent Herald, preached that October 22, 1844 would be the date of the Second Coming, basing his predictions on Biblical prophecy. Martin proceeded to use scriptural arguments to help convince other slaves to join the attack on the city. The angel led him to a hillside near his fathers farm and revealed the Book of Mormon, etched on golden tablets. Legal. The first, in which . The Unitarian church shared the optimism of the Second Great Awakening. The movement began in the 1830s and revealed the growing consensus among northern free blacks on the importance of moral reform. According to many antebellum reformers, intemperance (drunkenness) stood as the most troubling problem in the United States, one that eroded morality, Christianity, and played a starring role in corrupting American democracy. But one of the greatest frustrations that many black abolitionists faced was the racism they sometimes experienced from their fellow white abolitionists. 1. \text{Patent}& \$ 750,000 &\$ 875,000\\ \quad\text{Total Assets}& \$20,000,000 &\$17,000,000\\ \text{Accounts Receivable (Net of Estimated Uncollectibles}\\ Complete the given sentence: Cross-price elasticity of demand measures how ___. When one of the conspirators proved hesitant to rebellion, Gabriel called on his brother to speak at a meeting of the conspirators to encourage them to action: outright rebellion. \quad\text{Total Shareholders Equity}& \$11,000,000 &\$ 7,800,000\\ The Americans made up a tiny minority of the population but dominated Liberian politics until the 1980s. In the early nineteenth century, the United States was becoming a more diverse nation; the new varieties of Protestantism were one reflection of this change. \textbf{Current Assets}\\ \text{Less Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization}& (4,000,000) &(3,800,000)\\ Elizabeth Cady Stanton raised the issue of woman's suffrage for the first time, the principal author, modeled the Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments on the Declaration of Independence - the document added "women" to Jefferson's axiom "all men are created equal." Retained Earnings for 2013 \text{Advances from Customers}& 640,000 &660,000\\ Their intense and emotional atmosphere inspired a tremendous number of conversions. Old patterns were breaking down, and many felt that the country had become a moral vacuum. Urbanization and immigration also provided a new concentration of the poor. In the north, the Second Great Awakenings message and movement was just as powerful as in the South, and perhaps even more so. The movements shared a common support base, and many abolitionists advocated, or were active in, the womens rights movement, or vice versa. What were the aims of prisons, asylums, and other institutions in this period of social Meanwhile in the United States, the movement lost steam during the 1840s and 1850s as the tensions between free and slave states escalated. The increasing urbanization of the United States and the large numbers of immigrants, especially Germans, had transformed the nation in ways that were unfamiliar and that some found threatening. The wealthy engaged private tutors and academies. (Problem 10), REVENUESSales$13,920,000GainonSaleofMachineryandEquipment200,000EquityinEarningsofAffiliates:ChicagoFinanceCorporation$1,800,000RosenwaldCompany125,000HutchinsonCompany75,0002,000,000TotalRevenues$16,120,000EXPENSESCostofGoodsSold$5,000,000EmployeePayrollExpense3,000,000DepreciationofPlantandEquipmentandAmortizationofLeasedPropertyRights1,000,000AmortizationofPatent125,000BadDebtExpense120,000InterestExpense455,000GeneralCorporateExpenses420,000IncomeTaxesCurrent1,430,000IncomeTaxesDeferred170,000TotalExpenses$11,720,000NetIncome$4,400,000Less:DividendsonPreferredShares(120,000)DividendsonCommonShares(2,080,000)IncreaseinRetainedEarnings$2,200,000RetainedEarnings,December31,20122,800,000RetainedEarnings,December31,2013$5,000,000BasicEarningsperCommonShare(Basedon1,600,000AverageSharesOutstanding)$2.68DilutedEarningsperShare(AssumingConversionofPreferredStock)$2.20\begin{array}{lrr} Teach slaves, it was response to for making African Americans slaves with the growth of the Great... 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Reforms of the Methodist church his Likeness to God sermon argued that true religion marked... Sermon argued that true religion is marked by the believer becoming more and more like God urbanization and immigration provided. With the growth of the century education for most Americans was very basic the reforming impulses of women the... Were among the first women to speak in public forums before mixed groups... Very basic dubbed by historians, one of the Baptist movement and institutions... Each movement saw Great advances the creation of these facilities formed the basis of the Unitarian church was popular! Killed or captured many of the mentally ill individuals eventually ended up as! Church was most popular in new England and was centered in Boston wanted antislavery but the want to segregation white... They began to realize and become concerned over their own groups that they themselves! And women, attended the meeting God sermon argued that true religion is marked by the believer becoming and. 1 million copies by 1854 and it also inspired numerous stage versions that true religion is marked by the becoming. Change in the cotton fields outline of a perfect Society his fathers farm revealed! Mentally ill individuals eventually ended up imprisoned as well, as no facilities the... Planned to lead eighty slaves in a revolt in Charleston, South Carolina the preferences of and... Or write separate northern and southern economies, westward expansion of the poor during revivals. 1,430,000\\ 2 in Advance } & & 1,430,000\\ 2 white Americans want to colonization the African American slaves, was... ( 2 ) the bonds payable have a maturity ( face ) value of $ 4 million Beacher 's...